95102, O. R. Gurney, Texts from Dur-Kurigalzu, Iraq, vol. Mesopotamian History and 17385, Schneider, Bernhard. 2, line 18; 10, 11.31.34). Cite This Work Bill T. Arnold. According to Genesis 10, they were the descendants of Heth, son of Canaan, who was the son of Ham, born of Noah (Genesis 10: 1-6). document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. Large Map of Israel in the First Century - Click around on the Cities. The state sector, namely, the royal family, bureaucrats, priests, artisans, and attached labor (dependents and slaves of the palaces and temples), seems to have been the dominant one in the economy of Kassite Babylonia. Kassite, member of an ancient people known primarily for establishing the second, or middle, Babylonian dynasty; they were believed (perhaps wrongly) to have originated in the Zagros Mountains of Iran. The Kassites, a tribe from the Zagros mountains in present-day Iran, arrived in Babylonia and filled a vacuum left by the Hittite invasion. : The Documentary Evidence, AJA 76, 1972, pp. Christ was an incarnation of Yah-Veh. Information will be sectioned off into multiple posts, organized by date ranges. We contribute a share of our revenue to remove carbon from the atmosphere and we offset our team's carbon footprint. Following this event, his grandfather Aur-uballi invaded Babylonia to place Kurigalzu II (1327-03 BCE) on the throne. According to other ancient texts found concerning the Habiru, they were found to live all along the fertile crescent in the 2nd millennium BCE. Babylonian wealth and influence at this time is reflected in the use of the cuneiform script and the Babylonian language as the main form of diplomatic communication. Before entering Mesopotamia they were illiterate mountain people speaking a language that is not known today. Babylonia under the Kassites 1, edited by Alexa Bartelmus and Katja Sternitzke, Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, 2017, pp. Some lexicographers associate the "land of Cush" of Genesis 2:13 with the Kassites (Akkadian, kassu ), a people of the plateau of central Asia mentioned in ancient cuneiform inscriptions but whose history remains quite obscure. Their leaders came to power in Babylon following the collapse of the ruling dynasty of the Old Babylonian Period in 1595 BC. B. Landsberger, Assyrische Knigsliste und dunkles Zeitalter, Journal of Cuneiform Studies 8, 1954, pp. But a Bible verse got me back to reading the Bible again. [46], The Kassite language has not been classified. K. Balkan (1986, pp. The texts from the Kassite Period (1600-1160 BCE) start to overlap with the biblical texts of the Old Testament because at this point most nations already had developed a written language and new technologies allowed for communications to now be written down and passed along to others. For only $5 per month you can become a member and support our mission to engage people with cultural heritage and to improve history education worldwide. The Kassite (or presumably such) clans are Bimat (including the houses [h] of Nanakt) and possibly the Samhar (De Graef, 1998, pp. Reallexikon der Assyriologie und vorderasiatischen Archologie, Daniel A. Nevez, 'Provincial administration at Kassite Nippur', Military history of the Neo-Assyrian Empire, Muslim conquest of Mesopotamia and Persia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kassites&oldid=1137673460, States and territories established in the 16th century BC, States and territories disestablished in the 12th century BC, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Son of Burnaburiash I, Grandson of Agum-Kakrime, Possible campaigns against "The Sealand" and "in Dilmun". Idem, Studies in Babylonian Feudalism of the Kassite Period, tr. Is The NIV Purposefully Removing References To Fasting? It contained a number of palaces and also temples to many Babylonia gods including Enlil, Ninlil, and Ninurta. It is possible that the Habiru in the Amarna Letters are a mix of Hebrews from Egypt and also local rebels from the previous Hebrew peoples, like Abraham was. What kind of government did the Kassites have? SeventeenthDynasty, (15001100 BCE)Kidinuid dynastyIgehalkid dynastyUntash-Napirisha, Twenty-first Dynasty of EgyptSmendes Amenemnisu Psusennes I Amenemope Osorkon the Elder Siamun Psusennes II, Twenty-third Dynasty of EgyptHarsiese A Takelot II Pedubast I Shoshenq VI Osorkon III Takelot III Rudamun Menkheperre Ini "uqamuna und u/imalija." Armstrong, James A. A. Babylonia under the Kassites 1, edited by Alexa Bartelmus and Katja Sternitzke, Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, 2017, pp. 234-37; idem, 1984, pp. This proves that the early Kassite state was able to assign large resources for huge projects. I cannot say that I am convinced by it but there are some real pieces of evidence to support it. Bearded men, religious symbols, horned quadrupeds, and fauna are often shown in these images. Maps are essential for any serious Bible study. Possible traces of Kassites in Iranian nomenclature are negligible, for instance, Kagn, Kaakn < Kaaka@n, i.e., possibly "land of the Kassites" in Iran (see Eilers, 1957-58, p. 135). Their capital city was Dur-Kurigalzu. This is depicted in letters #287 and his sixth letter, #290. After the Hittites' surgeon Babylon, the Kassites, coming from the North, North-East, settled in Babylon and founded their dynasty by Agum. 6, no. Idem, The Representation of Foreigners in Neo- and Late-Babylonian Legal Documents (Eighth-Second Centuries B.C.E. 403-10. They were used to mark official items and ownership. Why Did The Samaritan Woman At The Well Have So Many Marriages? For less than $1 a week, you'll get devotionals, Bible study guides, thematic studies, and much more! Eight among the last kings of the Kassite dynasty have Akkadian names. 257 ff. The Kassites entered into Babylon after the Old Babylonian Empire and established their rule around 1531 B.C. Ancient Mesopotamian literature developed c. 2600 BCE after scribes Studies in Eastern History; Vol. (1998, p. 83) advocate a lower chronology, thereby narrowing the gap between the end of the Old Babylonian period and, ca. Kassite, member of an ancient people known primarily for establishing the second, or middle, Babylonian dynasty; they were believed (perhaps wrongly) to have originated in the Zagros Mountains of Iran. The Kushites are the Nilo-Saharan peoples who contributed their binary worldview to the ancient Afro-Asiatic world. Toronto, Buffalo, and London, 1990. In the 12th century Elam struck the final blow at Kassite power in Babylonia, already weakened by local insurrection. They slowly then began to make their way southward toward Babylon. [10][11] A few inscribed building materials of Kurigalzu I were found at Kish. The Kassite kings appear to have been members of a small military aristocracy but were apparently efficient rulers and not locally unpopular. )], Buga[u?] The new rulers, non-Babylonians known as Kassites, adopted Babylonian conventions in their royal iconography and inscriptions. kassites in the bible. Temples were granted whole villages with the tillers, who stood in dependency and an exploitation relationship (see Oelsner, 1982a, 1982b). Mu-s-Sa Dates in the Kassite Period. Die Welt Des Orients, vol. When did the Kassites take over the Babylonian Empire? The monument mostly speaks of military victories over Egypts enemies. Gasche et al. Most belong to the archives of the guenna (provincial governor) of the city of Nippur and seem to indicate a feudal system of government during the 14th and 13th centuries. K. De Graef, Les trangers dans les textes palobabyloniens tardifs de Sippar (Abi-eu-Samsuditana): 1ire partie: Sur les inconnus connus: Cassites, Elamites, Sutens, Suens, Gutens et Subarens, Akkadica 111, 1998, pp. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Bible Charts and Maps, PO Box 171053, Austin, TX 78717 ; Nashef, 1982, pp. What is the meaning of AD, BC, BCE and CE? During the time of the Canaanite conquest the most profound source of extra-biblical evidence is from a cache of letters called the Amarna letters. As semi-nomads the Kassites were organized in family and tribal units. It was in the area between this Havilah and Shur that Saul defeated the Amalekites and captured Agag, their king (I Sam. 58, no. Amazing Bible Timeline with World History, http://www.thenagain.info/WebChron/MiddleEast/Kassites.html, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kassites#Kassite_Dynasty_of_Babylo, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Kassite_Babylonia_EN.svg. Their Akkadian name Ka originates from a Kassite form *G/Kal- (cf. 1570 or 1560 BCE; see Zadok, 1999-2000, pp. Advertisement cookies are used to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns. Christ was at once a Koresh, a Hebrew, and a Yehudi. 412-18. Your email address will not be published. Historians and scholars claim that their rule was the longest in the history of ancient Babylon. kudurru). Museum, British. Several suspected Kassite names are recorded in Ur III economic documents from southern Babylonia, but it is not known whence these individuals originally came (Zadok, 1987, p. 16; 1993, pp. At some point between the 14th and 9th centuries BCE, the great ziggurat of Babylon was built which would later become associated with the Tower of Babel. The Early Kassite Period". The Kassites were a warlike people that invaded Babylon during the 16th century B.C. A timeline of ancient Mesopotamian history up to and including the Persians. The Kassites had also developed their unique style of poetry, architecture, medicine, sculpture, astrology and fortune telling. H. H. Paper, rev. As for the meaning of Ahmose, I am no Egyptologist but I am fairly certain that his name means born of Iah (the moond god). Its about events 700-1000 years later. 17 ff. 20712, Brinkman, J. However, Huber (1999-2000, p. 289b) doubts the mere three-year interval. P. Huber, P. Review of Gasche et al., Fall of Babylon, Archiv fr Orientforschung 46-47, 1999-2000, pp. [48], It has been suggested that several Kassite leaders bore Indo-European names, and they might have had an Indo-European elite similar to the Mitanni. Picture Study Bible - StudyBible with Pictures and Maps. [5] The chief gods, titular gods of the kings, were Shuqamuna and Shumaliya. (Gen. 3:15) It is from the Horite priesthood that the priesthood of Israel developed. It has also been suggested that the first element in Kudur-Enlil's name is derived from Elamite but that is disputed.[49][50]. 283304, Armstrong, James A.. "15. Trustees of the British Museum. 150 f.; see Balkan, 1954, pp. 417 f.). Kassites and Assyrians. 5 What kind of government did the Kassites have? Major construction occurred under Kadashman-Enlil, Kudur-Enlil, and Shagarakti-Shuriash, with lesser levels of repair work under Adad-shuma-usur and Meli-Shipak. Balkan, 1954, pp. Our collection of maps are simple and they are free. They include red, black and brown Nubians, pre-dynastic lower Nilotes, and the Ainu/Annu. Babylonia under the Kassites 2, edited by Alexa Bartelmus and Katja Sternitzke, Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, 2017, pp. [32][33] The Kassites also extended their power into the Persian Gulf, including at Qal'at al-Bahrain. After Hammurabi, Babylon was taken by the Kassites who called the city Karanduniash. 15:7). All the Kassite rulers up to Katilya IV inclusive bore Kassite names, the only exception being Kudur-Enlil, whose first component is not originally Akkadian but Elamite (cf. 2023 Encyclopdia Iranica Foundation, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Rulers with names in italics are considered fictional. Their main project was the foundation of a new capital, named Dr-Kurigalzu Kurigalzus fortress (this type of place name is common in second- and early first-millennium Babylonia, where the initial component precedes a Kassite anthroponym (e.g., Agum and Burra-sah, Nashef, 1982, pp. Idem, Elamites and Other Peoples from Iran and the Persian Gulf Region in Early Mesopotamian Sources, Iran 32, 1994, pp. The implication is that whatever pertains to the historical Jesus Christ belongs to the "New" and whatever pertains to the people among whom Jesus grew up belongs to the "Old". 55 f., 231, 325 ff., 336 ff.).