He wrote this terrific book of short stories, []. Other types are derivations from one of the other meanings that lead to a verb or activity. Salinger. his brevity, conciseness and concentration of style; his attentiveness to details and to exact dates and facts; his constant reference to parts of the human body; his leitmotif of the letter or note; his constant way of picturing certain female characters painting their nails or toenail or the recurrent motif of a man holding a childs feet; his constant references to colors and the symbolism within colors; his penchant for coining new words or changing different parts of speech into others; his inclination of dealing with psychological problems in his fiction; his tendency to use the pattern of sequencesequence in his characters namesin his themes, etc. 2023. Who are the experts?Our certified Educators are real professors, teachers, and scholars who use their academic expertise to tackle your toughest questions. The conclusion is that generally they have been successfully rendered and they have usually followed the ST. American characteristic of the languages ability to adapt nouns into adjectives and nouns into adverbs (usually by adding a letter), which is, unfortunately, not possible in Romanian and thus the translators had to find suitable translation adaptation methods since our languages grammatical patterns do not allow similar adaptations. Indeed, they force us to look for a set of somehow Romanian equivalent expressions or structures in order to capture all these elements in our own translation. Explanations are often used within arguments and presented so as to serveas arguments. the English Literature by Stulov . Salinger probably wanted to establish a temporal perspective and not risk having the reader assume that Holden was writing something like a diary or journal. Its impossible. The novel remains widely read, selling around 250,000 copies a year. I knew I wouldnt meet anyone that knew me, and it was pretty damp out. Such style elements also gave him the illusion of having, as it were, delivered his characters' destinies into their own keeping." Also he tells the reader he's not excited to find out abut this favor and that guys like Stradlater always think people want to do things for them. to start your free trial of SparkNotes Plus. Holden tears up the composition because Stradlater dislikes the poem and which infuriates him. Latest answer posted April 14, 2021 at 10:45:43 AM. By entering your email address you agree to receive emails from SparkNotes and verify that you are over the age of 13. Practically, even identical words in different languages are not always equal in their meaning, they never correspond completely. He desires independence because he feels that the world is an inhospitable, ugly place that, he feels, deserves only contempt. As a result, he has isolated himself and fears intimacy. The example for this wrd with its meanings could be like I left the goddam foils andstuff on the subway (J. D. Salinger: p.170 in English and Am uitat blestmatele aleade florete ?i tot echipamentul in metrou. and throughthis example ispinted out that the author used not only the main meaning of the word. D Salinger. This offends Stradlater, who refuses to answer. Volume 17, The World book Encyclopedia, World Book Inc a Scott Fetzer Company Chicago London Sydney Toronto 1997; http://www.digischool.nl/ckv1/literatuur/salinger/salinger1.htm. Whatever the difficulty in the translation process, procedures must aim at the essence of the message and faithfulness to the meaning of the source language text being transferred to the target language text. In the case of non phraseological rendering, there are two possibilities: one can opt for a lexical translation or for calques. database? Holden pictured an idyllic world of childhood innocence from which children would fall into a dangerous world; Mr. Antolini describes Holden in an apathetic free fallgiving up, disengaging him from the world, falling in a void removed from life around him. It should be mention that this research work represents a great theoretical value for those willing to take up their future carrier in the field of translations as invaluable reference to the methods and the ways of translation of literary masterpieces. Raised in Manhattan, New York, Salinger began writing short stories while in secondary school, and published several stories in the early 1940s before serving in World War II. The success of The Catcher in the Rye led to public attention and scrutiny: Salinger became reclusive, publishing new work less frequently. All Rights Reserved. Holden's deep unresolved sadness over the loss of his brother, a person he tells us was better than him, who should not have died at such as young age, indicates that he feels a sense of guilt over being alive. Romanian translation used either obsolete or dialectal / regional words and expressions (or both) through out the novel and this can point out an obvious difference of language use between generations. Relationships, intimacy, and sexuality are also recurring motifs relating to the larger theme of alienation. Of course, Holden will not really shoot people in this hat, but it remains a symbol of his scorn for convention. I swear to God I don't (Chapter 9). Idioms is a phrase whose meaning is difficult or sometimes impossible to guess by looking at the meaning of the individual words it contains. An opaque expression may be easier to translate than a transparent one. When his parents return home, Holden slips out and visits his former and much-admired English teacher, Mr. Antolini, who expresses concern that Holden is headed for "a terrible fall". . number: 206095338, E-mail us: The main difficulties involved in translating idioms and fixed expressions may be summarized as follows: Like single words, idioms and fixed expressions may be culture-specific. Purchasing Join the dicussion. The ability to distinguish senses by collocation is an invaluable asset to a translator working from a foreign language. It could even state that Holdens personality is more important than the story he is going to tell us. He is angry at life for being so unfair. Holden gets up and goes into Ackleys room, his face covered in blood. Salingers works were generally written during two time periods. The semantics of a word reflects different signs of the subject and the relation of its meanings to other objects it denotes. Therefore omission and supplementation are frequently combined with other types of grammatical transformations and more frequently with substitution of parts of speech. Holden will probably write it because he asks for details about the assignment. It is very frequent when grammatical and lexical transformations demand supplementation or omission of some words or elements. In addition, the ducks prove that some vanishings are only temporary. the absence of the categories in one of the comparing languages; Even assuming monolingual disambiguation . Such situations made the translators task and work tremendously difficult because they had to find ways of compensating the loss caused by the inability of recreating a similar effect in the TT because Romanian has a system in which words are written the same way they are read as opposed to English which has a different system. Idiom generally have three characteristics: Translation is an exacting art. An idiom or fixed expression may have a similar counterpart in the target language, but its context of use may be different; the two expressions may have different connotations, for instance, or they may not be pragmatically transferable. How Holden Mature In Catcher In The Rye - 731 Words | Cram Stradlater spends a lot of time at the gym and in front of the mirror, working on his appearance. Volume 17, The World book Encyclopedia, World Book Inc a Scott Fetzer Company Chicago London Sydney Toronto 1997, http://books.guardian.co.uk/adaptations/story/0,,1767434,00.html, http://www.levity.com/corduroy/salinger1.htm, http://www.salinger.org/index.php?title=Main_Page. Holden questions why he should still be here, when he brother, who was smarter and kinder than him should be dead. Salinger, the other novelty was the big critic of the society that it represented. J. D. Salinger used this epithet in order to make a comparison towards Holdens parents because in the beginning Holden showed to the reader a not positive one but old Spenser as the author describe this man point out to the reader that Holdens parents were good peoples. Sometimes it is hard to do all the work on your own. Holden finally gets him to leave by beginning to work on the English assignment for Stradlater. The wider is the semantic volume of a word, the wider is its combinability, thus due to this feature it can interact with various word forms and word combinations. $18.74/subscription + tax, Save 25% His calls to Jane Gallagher are aborted for a similar reason: to protect his precious and fragile sense of individuality. London 1995. Holden also hates the fact that Ackley comes into his room and picks up things that belong to him and his roommate, Ward Stradlater. As he demonstrates at the Museum of Natural History, Holden likes the world to be silent and frozen, predictable and unchanging. Holden is angry at his family for coping with Allie's death, he is angry at the world for continuing when his little brother died. The fact that this test again depends on speakers' judgments about relatedness, however, means that this test for polysemy is not infallible, but is rather merely a helpful conceptual aid. Salinger's language, especially his energetic, realistically sparse dialogue, was revolutionary at the time his first stories were published, and was seen by several critics as "the most distinguishing thing" about his work .Salinger identified closely with his characters, and used techniques such as interior monologue, letters, and extended telephone calls to display his gift for dialogue. The fact that he is having this conversation with Phoebe, a child who is anything but simple and innocent, reveals the oversimplification of his worldview. Selling the typewriter also allows Holden to establish that he is "loaded" with money because of his grandmother's generosity and can afford to spend several days and nights in Manhattan. Why does Holden hate Ackley? Ionescus translation has also accomplished its aim by the fact that it addresses young people and it uses 80-90% of their typical language, with very few exceptions (most likely limited by the social and cultural constraints of our modern society). (Chapter 7, pg. One of the main problem or difficulty in translation- is the use of bilingual dictionaries. 125, No. 52) The red hunting hat is inseparable from the image of Holden Caufield, with good reason. We can see that it were negative comments, hard criticsMany critics told that there wasnt any novel that went into the adolescence as this Salingers work. The ducks and their pond are symbolic in several ways. ; Young goats, their meat, or leather made from their hides. But it is what it aims at. Thus, an important conclusion and argument in favor of C. Ionescus translation is that the first version is full of examples that lead to the idea of the need for a second translation in Romanian, examples which may not have been obvious without such an analytical comparison. The types of the lexical peculiarities and their meanig would be pointed out in the context of this reserch paper. That's a deer shooting hat.. It may have various kinds of lexical meanings (lexical-semantic) variants; it may widen or narrow its meaning and make it more abstract and concrete. What other character Why did Holden decide to write Stradlater's composition for him in The Catcher in the Rye? An idiom or fixed expression may have no equivalent in the target language. Belonging doesnt just happen; it involves many factors and experiences. Most translation theorists agree that translation is understood as a transfer process from a foreign languageor a second languageto the mother tongue. Central Idea Essay: What Does the Title Mean? Enjoy eNotes ad-free and cancel anytime. However, Holden Caulfield and Asher. Life is a game that one plays according to the rules., [Ackley] took another look at my hat . Because people are unpredictable, they challenge Holden and force him to question his senses of self-confidence and self-worth. The author used the hyperbole which is deliberate overstatement or exaggeration and the aim of this hyperbole is to intensify the main features of the novel and to show its utter absurdity. Besides, Im not going to tell you my whole goddam autobiography or anything. Holden insults him some more, and Stradlater finally leaves the room. Each language can form uncountable number new word combinations that will be understood by its bearers. This chapter will point out the activity of one of the main representative of the 20th century J.D.Salinser and critics about one of the well-known writing of this writer The Catcher in the Rye. Some have argued that Salinger's tale of the human condition is fascinating and enlightening, yet incredibly depressing. How does holden feel about phony people do you share - Course Hero Ian Hamilton adheres to this view, arguing that while Salinger's early stories for the "slicks" boasted "tight, energetic" dialogue, they had also been formulaic and sentimental. . For example attempts to justify a theft usually explain the motives (e.g., to feed a starving family). Even so, Holden desperately continues searching for new relationships, always undoing himself only at the last moment. Why? Latest answer posted November 15, 2019 at 6:03:44 PM. Sometimes only one of those meanings is intended, depending on context, and sometimes multiple meanings are intended at the same time. I'd just be the catcher in the rye and all. cite it. [5:p.66-67]. They talk, argue, and then reconcile, and Phoebe asks Holden what he wants to do with his life. Afterwards, Salinger struggled with unwanted attention, including a legal battle in the 1980s with biographer Ian Hamilton and the release in the late 1990s of memoirs written by two people close to him: Joyce Maynard, an ex-lover; and Margaret Salinger, his daughter. The general conclusion that can be drawn is that there cannot be a perfect translation, but there can be made efforts to try to find the best version of rendering a text from the SL into the TL. The straightforward approach to his novel caused a hurricane of controversy in America. can i write about composition?? Stradlater's composition is supposed to be about a room in a house that can be described. For example, his conversation with Carl Luce and his date with Sally Hayes are made unbearable by his rude behavior. The way a language chooses to express, or not express, various meanings cannot be predicted and only occasionally matches the way another language chooses to express the same meanings. Did you know that we have over 70,000 essays on 3,000 topics in our . (J. D. Salinger: 7). This is the cause of much difficulty inthinking criticallyaboutclaims. Phraseologisms or expressions that would aspire at becoming so are formed in huge quantities, but do not always succeed. Another fight with Stradlater Feb 13, 2023 - Feb 14, 2023 J. D. Salingers secluded lifestyle had its share of contribution and impact on the very popularity he has rejected and the implicit controversy. How Does Holden Caulfield Change Throughout The Catcher In The Rye Question: Why Does Holden Attack Stradlater - Livelaptopspec There are a lot of Salinger pieces in the University of Texas, at Austins Harry Ransom Humanities Research Center rare books collection; although some contemporary critics see a clear progression in Salingers published works, they think that The Catcher in the Rye is so brilliant. This essay was written by a fellow student. It is not the specific items an expression contains but rather the meaning it conveys and its association with culture-specific contexts which can make it untranslatable or difficult to translate. Many translators mark out originality of his feature world and that is why the originality of his language and style and the specific usage of popular speech and dialectisms. They used to live near each other and hung out over the summer, Holden really liked her. This is characterized by different functioning of a word in language, different in usage and combinability, but even the primary meaning of an English word maybe wider of the corresponding one in Russian. What is their relationship? Holden watches from the hill because he doesn't want to go down and see the students. How did Holden know Stradlater's date, Jane Gallagher? This may be intended to explain why he doesn't write about his adventures and misadventures in New York until some time after these events have occurred. This has been mainly achieved by the careful and analytical comparison of some identical passages from the ST with its translations. They played checkers and became good friends. Most of the novel describes his almost manic quest for companionship as he flits from one meaningless encounter to another. Holden dated her until her father made them stop seeing each other. Salinger uses much of the symbolism to show how the life of the characters has become happy. In The Catcher in the Rye, what does Holden mean when he says, "Don't ever tell anybody anything. 2, August 1951, 82. The characters can only become happy if they isolate themselves from this society. Much of Salinger's reputation, which he acquired after publication of The Catcher in the Rye, is derived from thoughtful and sympathetic insights into both adolescence and adulthood, his use of symbolism, and his idiomatic style, which helped to re-introduce the common idiom to American literature. March 3, 2023, SNPLUSROCKS20 The popularity of the novel and debate over its redeeming social value have never faltered since its initial publication, due in no large part to the fact that J.D. By signing up you agree to our terms and privacy policy. Type your requirements and I'll connect He resents society as he does not seem to be part of it, and looks for sense of real place for him, where he could focus more on his phoniness. New York Times Book Review 15 July 1951, 5. The red hunting hat is one of the most recognizable symbols from twentieth-century American literature. There are different elements that are helpful in the presentation of all features that are presented in an analysis and one o the main steps that are taken in the identification of these important features are lexical pecularities and translation difficulties. The symbols I have chosen display Holden Caufields emotions, actions,. The Catcher in the Rye Flashcards | Quizlet Holden tells us the symbolic meaning of the museum's displays: they appeal to him because they are frozen and unchanging. In. Other types are derivations from one of the other meanings that lead to a verb or activity. The theme of the painfulness of growing up is very important in the book. He "[tore the composition up and [threw] it away angrily. The most important revelation in these chapters comes about when Holden writes the composition for Stradlater, divulging that his brother Allie died of leukemia several years before. Alex Gross,The Theories of Translation. The target-oriented means [to render] a source text in a form that is as natural as possible for the reader of the target text and that conforms to conventional usage in the target language and culture. When Holden is writing a composition about a baseball glove for Stradlater, he reminisces about his little brother, Allie, who dies because of his sickness in which was leukemia. Lexical peculiarities are the most important features of lexico-stylistic analyses and these features are very important for the reader in order easily to understand the whole content of the work. The main task of a translator is to remember and take into account all the difficulties of translation and render the authors thought as accurate as possible using different literal devices employed originally by the author., Analysis of the translation into Romanian of J. D. Salingers The Catcher in the Rye, which represents my major contribution to this research paper it was focused on presenting the Romanian versions of Salingers novel in order to find the main translation difficulties translation as well as its impact on Romanian readership. The author begins the novel with the using of the stylistic devices such as comparison like touchy as hell(J. D. Salinger: 1) through this stylistic devices the author wanted to point out besides his positive point of view about all his parents but also he had some negative thoughts about his parents. He has different perspective to other people, even though he has a. Edward Sapir claims that `language is a guide to social reality' and that human beings are at the mercy of the language that has become the medium of expression for their society. It was tried to achieve this aim by centering on the case study of comparing and analyzing in detail the differences and similarities, the gains and the losses that have occurred both in the English and in the Romanian versions. False friends - are an umbrella term where some similarity between two words in a language pair dealt with look or sound sufficiently alike to sometimes make translators render the source word by a target word that is semantically wrong in that context. When developing a comprehensive opinion of the novel, it is important to consider the praises and criticisms ofThe Catcher in the Rye.Many critics consider J.D. You can view our. Beyond the notion stressed by the narrowly linguistic approach, that translation involves the transfer of `meaning' contained in one set of language signs through competent use of the dictionary and grammar, the process involves a whole set of extra-linguistic criteria also. A peculiar group of words demanding transformation in translation are the words that possess different volume of meaning in two languages. Analysis of the translation into Romanian of J. D. Salingers The Catcher in the Rye, which represents my major contribution to this research paper it was focused on presenting the Romanian versions of Salingers novel in order to find the main translation difficulties translation as well as its impact on Romanian readership. There are two cases in which an idiom can be easily misinterpreted if one is not already familiar with it: Apart from being alert to the way speakers and writers manipulate certain features of idioms and to the possible confusion which could arise from similarities in form between source and target expressions, a translator must also consider the collocational environment which surrounds any expression whose meaning is not readily accessible. The lexical translation consists in expliciting through other words the denotative meaning of the phraseologism, giving up all the other style and connotation aspects. All this explanations or meanings of these words were used in the novel and through these exemples the it could be resulted that the authors vocabulary in this novel is very rich. We're sorry, SparkNotes Plus isn't available in your country. D .Salinger: 11) in order to point out the thoughts of another characters about Holden for pointing out that Holden wasnt a good character for another characters. Stradlater had said the composition was supposed to be a simple description of a room, a house, or something similarly straightforward. Modernism was distinguished by an emancipator met narrative. how does this poem differ from traditional sonnets interflora; airmessage vs blue bubbles; southside legend strain effects; abd insurance and financial services; valenzuela city ordinance violation fines; my summer car cheatbox; vfs global japan visa nepal contact number; beaver owl fox dolphin personality test; Community In this case it can go unnoticed in everyday conversation, like she attacked my views. What is Holdens relationship with Phoebe like? Holdens kindness to Ackley in Chapter 5 comes as a surprise after the disdain that Holden has displayed for him in the previous two chapters. >American Literature books summary This shows that Holden wants to save him and other people from growing up one day. It should be discussed cases of linguistic inconsistency in the Romanian version, such as the rendition of intonational stress. In the words of Nida and Taber (1974): Translating consists of reproducing, in the target language, the nearest equivalent to the message in the source language, in the first place in the semantic aspect and, in the second place, in the stylistic aspect. Once the translator has coped with this obstacle, the most frequent translation difficulties are of a semantic and cultural nature: "Linguistic untranslatability" (cognates, i.e. The pressure of adolescent sexualityan important theme throughout The Catcher in the Rye makes itself felt here for the first time: Holden's greatest worry is that Stradlater will make sexual advances toward Jane. Another example was Salingers use of imitation of spoken English in written. In Salingers Catcher in the Rye, Salinger refers greatly in one chapter to ducks in central park. Justification is the reason why someone properly holds abelief, the explanation as to why the belief is a true one, or an account of how one knows what one knows. Words in languages have some definite relation characteristic only to the given language. One of the central questions that Holden asks in the book, and never receives a satisfactory answer to, is how can a young person die and the world, his family, accept it and move on with their lives. It troubles him that he has changed each time he returns, while the museum's displays remain completely the same. Language metaphors are stock metaphors. They represent the simple, idealistic, manageable vision of life that Holden wishes he could live. Holden has issues with sex and manhood, and both are issues when he learns that Stradlater and Jane are going on a date. Some critics scolded the novel as being too pessimistic or obscene, too harsh for the society of the 1950's. In the wake of Modernism, and post-enlightenment, meet narratives tended to be emancipator, whereas beforehand this was not a consistent characteristic. So they gave up looking.. It is like when polysemantic words in English and other languages do not coincide in their lexical-semantic variants and the same is when differ the function of identical stylistic device. In Modernism the object is; the language doesn't mean it is. They sought to capture the essence of modern life in the form and content of their work. When he actually gets to the museum, he decides not to go in; that would require disturbing his fragile imaginative construction by making it encounter the real world. As he says to Mr. Spencer, he feels trapped on the other side of life, and he continually attempts to find his way in a world in which he feels he doesn't belong. An idiom in the source language may have a very close counter part in the target language which looks similar on the surface but has a totally or partially different meaning. What does Stradlater ask Holden to write for him? Genre of The Catcher in the Rye by J. D. Salinger: Analysis Holden's younger brother, Allie, had died of leukemia several years before, and Allie was one of the few people about whom Holden has nothing bad to say. Salinger. Creative solutions to translation problems; Transfer and re-wording (use of translation procedures); Assessment of the result and post-edition; One difficulty in translation stems from the fact that most words have multiple meanings. Following the idea of transferring the jargon, its adopted an idiomatic translation: A translation strategy that consists of producing a target text that conforms to the conventions established in the target language and to the spontaneous form of expression commonly used by native speakers., This novel is one of the most famous American novels in the 20th century and is strongly bound to American society. The first is reprented by theoretical information where the literature of the Modern Age and the activity of one of the main representative of this period is analysed. Another important aspect concerning the importance of translations in general, and of Salingers s Romanian version in particular, is that much of the target audience has access to a literary text only through its translation in the TL. While the young protagonists of Salinger's stories (such as Holden Caulfield) have made him a longtime favorite of high school and university audiences, establishing Salinger as "the spokesman for the goals and values for a generation of youth during the 1950's" (qtd.